Given a number of trade liberalization episodes and the advent of newer empirical methods, there has been a growth in the number of empirical studies on trade. This paper surveys existing studies focused on the impact of import competition, especially from China, on various aspects of the economy. First, it summarizes estimation methods commonly employed to investigate the effect of import competition and clarifies the methodological development. Second, it discusses existing studies on import competition by country and topic. Lastly, it outlines future research directions.